Characters of representations for molecular motions
Motion |
E |
2C6 |
2C3 |
C2 |
3C'2 |
3C''2 |
i |
2S3 |
2S6 |
σh |
3σd |
3σv |
Cartesian 3N |
36 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
-4 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
12 |
0 |
4 |
Translation (x,y,z) |
3 |
2 |
0 |
-1 |
-1 |
-1 |
-3 |
-2 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
Rotation (Rx,Ry,Rz) |
3 |
2 |
0 |
-1 |
-1 |
-1 |
3 |
2 |
0 |
-1 |
-1 |
-1 |
Vibration |
30 |
-4 |
0 |
2 |
-2 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
12 |
0 |
4 |
Decomposition to irreducible representations
Motion |
A1g |
A2g |
B1g |
B2g |
E1g |
E2g |
A1u |
A2u |
B1u |
B2u |
E1u |
E2u |
Total |
Cartesian 3N |
2 |
2 |
0 |
2 |
2 |
4 |
0 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
4 |
2 |
24 |
Translation (x,y,z) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
2 |
Rotation (Rx,Ry,Rz) |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
Vibration |
2 |
1 |
0 |
2 |
1 |
4 |
0 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
20 |
Molecular parameter
Number of Atoms (N) |
12
|
Number of internal coordinates |
30
|
Number of independant internal coordinates |
2
|
Number of vibrational modes |
20
|
Force field analysis
Allowed / forbidden vibronational transitions
Operator |
A1g |
A2g |
B1g |
B2g |
E1g |
E2g |
A1u |
A2u |
B1u |
B2u |
E1u |
E2u |
Total |
Linear (IR) |
2 |
1 |
0 |
2 |
1 |
4 |
0 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
4 / 16 |
Quadratic (Raman) |
2 |
1 |
0 |
2 |
1 |
4 |
0 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
7 / 13 |
IR + Raman |
- - - - |
1 |
0 |
2 |
- - - - |
- - - - |
0 |
- - - - |
2 |
2 |
- - - - |
2 |
0* / 9 |
* Parity Mutual Exclusion Principle
Characters of force fields
(Symmetric powers of vibration representation)
Force field |
E |
2C6 |
2C3 |
C2 |
3C'2 |
3C''2 |
i |
2S3 |
2S6 |
σh |
3σd |
3σv |
linear |
30 |
-4 |
0 |
2 |
-2 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
12 |
0 |
4 |
quadratic |
465 |
8 |
0 |
17 |
17 |
17 |
15 |
0 |
0 |
87 |
15 |
23 |
cubic |
4.960 |
-10 |
10 |
32 |
-32 |
32 |
0 |
4 |
0 |
472 |
0 |
72 |
quartic |
40.920 |
8 |
0 |
152 |
152 |
152 |
120 |
0 |
0 |
2.112 |
120 |
256 |
quintic |
278.256 |
-4 |
0 |
272 |
-272 |
272 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
8.184 |
0 |
680 |
sextic |
1.623.160 |
7 |
55 |
952 |
952 |
952 |
680 |
13 |
5 |
28.336 |
680 |
1.904 |
Decomposition to irreducible representations
Column with number of nonvanshing force constants highlighted
Force field |
A1g |
A2g |
B1g |
B2g |
E1g |
E2g |
A1u |
A2u |
B1u |
B2u |
E1u |
E2u |
linear |
2 |
1 |
0 |
2 |
1 |
4 |
0 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
quadratic |
34 |
16 |
14 |
16 |
32 |
48 |
16 |
17 |
22 |
20 |
44 |
31 |
cubic |
237 |
219 |
170 |
204 |
370 |
455 |
179 |
197 |
228 |
226 |
448 |
377 |
quartic |
1.890 |
1.720 |
1.598 |
1.632 |
3.232 |
3.608 |
1.610 |
1.628 |
1.798 |
1.764 |
3.564 |
3.236 |
quintic |
12.031 |
11.861 |
11.089 |
11.395 |
22.483 |
23.893 |
11.179 |
11.349 |
11.941 |
11.907 |
23.847 |
22.529 |
sextic |
69.448 |
68.326 |
66.290 |
66.596 |
132.876 |
137.754 |
66.381 |
66.551 |
68.902 |
68.596 |
137.484 |
132.921 |
Further Reading
- J.K.G. Watson, J. Mol. Spec. 41 229 (1972)
The Numbers of Structural Parameters and Potential Constants of Molecules
- X.F. Zhou, P. Pulay. J. Comp. Chem. 10 No. 7, 935-938 (1989)
Characters for Symmetric and Antisymmetric Higher Powers of Representations:
Application to the Number of Anharmonic Force Constants in Symmetrical Molecules
- F. Varga, L. Nemes, J.K.G. Watson. J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 10 No. 7, 5043-5048 (1996)
The number of anharmonic potential constants of the fullerenes C60 and C70
Contributions to nonvanishing force field constants
pos(X) : Position of irreducible representation (irrep) X in character table of D
6h
Subtotal: <Number of nonvanishing force constants in subsection> / <number of nonzero irrep combinations in subsection> / <number of irrep combinations in subsection>
Total: <Number of nonvanishing force constants in force field> / <number of nonzero irrep combinations in force field> / <number of irrep combinations in force field>
Contributions to nonvanishing quadratic force field constants
Irrep combinations (i,i) with indices: pos(A1g) ≤ i ≤ pos(E2u) |
..3. |
A1gA1g. | ..1. |
A2gA2g. | ..3. |
B2gB2g. | ..1. |
E1gE1g. | ..10. |
E2gE2g. | ..1. |
A2uA2u. | ..3. |
B1uB1u. | ..3. |
B2uB2u. | ..6. |
E1uE1u. | ..3. |
E2uE2u. |
Subtotal: 34 / 10 / 12 |
Irrep combinations (i,j) with indices: pos(A1g) ≤ i ≤ j ≤ pos(E2u) |
Subtotal: 0 / 0 / 66 |
Total: 34 / 10 / 78 |
Contributions to nonvanishing cubic force field constants
Irrep combinations (i,i,i) with indices: pos(A1g) ≤ i ≤ pos(E2u) |
..4. |
A1gA1gA1g. | ..20. |
E2gE2gE2g. | | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Subtotal: 24 / 2 / 12 |
Irrep combinations (i,i,j) (i,j,j) with indices: pos(A1g) ≤ i ≤ j ≤ pos(E2u) |
..4. |
E1gE1gE2g. | ..2. |
A1gA2gA2g. | ..6. |
A1gB2gB2g. | ..2. |
A1gE1gE1g. | ..20. |
A1gE2gE2g. | ..2. |
A1gA2uA2u. | ..6. |
A1gB1uB1u. | ..6. |
A1gB2uB2u. | ..12. |
A1gE1uE1u. | ..6. |
A1gE2uE2u. |
..6. |
A2gE2gE2g. | ..3. |
A2gE1uE1u. | ..1. |
A2gE2uE2u. | ..24. |
E2gE1uE1u. | ..12. |
E2gE2uE2u. | | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Subtotal: 112 / 15 / 132 |
Irrep combinations (i,j,k) with indices: pos(A1g) ≤ i ≤ j ≤ k ≤ pos(E2u) |
..4. |
A2gB1uB2u. | ..8. |
B2gE1gE2g. | ..4. |
B2gA2uB1u. | ..12. |
B2gE1uE2u. | ..3. |
E1gA2uE1u. | ..4. |
E1gB1uE2u. | ..4. |
E1gB2uE2u. | ..6. |
E1gE1uE2u. | ..8. |
E2gA2uE2u. | ..24. |
E2gB1uE1u. |
..24. |
E2gB2uE1u. | | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Subtotal: 101 / 11 / 220 |
Total: 237 / 28 / 364 |
Contributions to nonvanishing quartic force field constants
Irrep combinations (i,i,i,i) with indices: pos(A1g) ≤ i ≤ pos(E2u) |
..5. |
A1gA1gA1gA1g. | ..1. |
A2gA2gA2gA2g. | ..5. |
B2gB2gB2gB2g. | ..1. |
E1gE1gE1gE1g. | ..55. |
E2gE2gE2gE2g. | ..1. |
A2uA2uA2uA2u. | ..5. |
B1uB1uB1uB1u. | ..5. |
B2uB2uB2uB2u. | ..21. |
E1uE1uE1uE1u. | ..6. |
E2uE2uE2uE2u. |
Subtotal: 105 / 10 / 12 |
Irrep combinations (i,i,i,j) (i,j,j,j) with indices: pos(A1g) ≤ i ≤ j ≤ pos(E2u) |
..40. |
A1gE2gE2gE2g. | ..20. |
A2gE2gE2gE2g. | ..2. |
B2gE1gE1gE1g. | ..4. |
A2uE2uE2uE2u. | ..20. |
B1uE1uE1uE1u. | ..20. |
B2uE1uE1uE1u. | | |
| |
| |
| |
Subtotal: 106 / 6 / 132 |
Irrep combinations (i,i,j,j) with indices: pos(A1g) ≤ i ≤ j ≤ pos(E2u) |
..3. |
A1gA1gA2gA2g. | ..9. |
A1gA1gB2gB2g. | ..3. |
A1gA1gE1gE1g. | ..30. |
A1gA1gE2gE2g. | ..3. |
A1gA1gA2uA2u. | ..9. |
A1gA1gB1uB1u. | ..9. |
A1gA1gB2uB2u. | ..18. |
A1gA1gE1uE1u. | ..9. |
A1gA1gE2uE2u. | ..3. |
A2gA2gB2gB2g. |
..1. |
A2gA2gE1gE1g. | ..10. |
A2gA2gE2gE2g. | ..1. |
A2gA2gA2uA2u. | ..3. |
A2gA2gB1uB1u. | ..3. |
A2gA2gB2uB2u. | ..6. |
A2gA2gE1uE1u. | ..3. |
A2gA2gE2uE2u. | ..3. |
B2gB2gE1gE1g. | ..30. |
B2gB2gE2gE2g. | ..3. |
B2gB2gA2uA2u. |
..9. |
B2gB2gB1uB1u. | ..9. |
B2gB2gB2uB2u. | ..18. |
B2gB2gE1uE1u. | ..9. |
B2gB2gE2uE2u. | ..20. |
E1gE1gE2gE2g. | ..1. |
E1gE1gA2uA2u. | ..3. |
E1gE1gB1uB1u. | ..3. |
E1gE1gB2uB2u. | ..12. |
E1gE1gE1uE1u. | ..6. |
E1gE1gE2uE2u. |
..10. |
E2gE2gA2uA2u. | ..30. |
E2gE2gB1uB1u. | ..30. |
E2gE2gB2uB2u. | ..138. |
E2gE2gE1uE1u. | ..66. |
E2gE2gE2uE2u. | ..3. |
A2uA2uB1uB1u. | ..3. |
A2uA2uB2uB2u. | ..6. |
A2uA2uE1uE1u. | ..3. |
A2uA2uE2uE2u. | ..9. |
B1uB1uB2uB2u. |
..18. |
B1uB1uE1uE1u. | ..9. |
B1uB1uE2uE2u. | ..18. |
B2uB2uE1uE1u. | ..9. |
B2uB2uE2uE2u. | ..39. |
E1uE1uE2uE2u. | | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Subtotal: 640 / 45 / 66 |
Irrep combinations (i,i,j,k) (i,j,j,k) (i,j,k,k) with indices: pos(A1g) ≤ i ≤ j ≤ k ≤ pos(E2u) |
..2. |
E1gE1gA2uE2u. | ..6. |
E1gE1gB1uE1u. | ..6. |
E1gE1gB2uE1u. | ..20. |
E2gE2gA2uE2u. | ..24. |
E2gE2gB1uB2u. | ..60. |
E2gE2gB1uE1u. | ..60. |
E2gE2gB2uE1u. | ..8. |
A1gE1gE1gE2g. | ..4. |
A2gE1gE1gE2g. | ..12. |
A2uE1uE1uE2u. |
..12. |
A1gA2gE2gE2g. | ..6. |
A1gA2gE1uE1u. | ..2. |
A1gA2gE2uE2u. | ..48. |
A1gE2gE1uE1u. | ..24. |
A1gE2gE2uE2u. | ..24. |
A2gE2gE1uE1u. | ..12. |
A2gE2gE2uE2u. | ..20. |
B2gE1gE2gE2g. | ..12. |
B2gE1gE1uE1u. | ..6. |
B2gE1gE2uE2u. |
..12. |
B1uB2uE1uE1u. | ..4. |
B1uB2uE2uE2u. | ..18. |
B1uE1uE2uE2u. | ..18. |
B2uE1uE2uE2u. | | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
Subtotal: 420 / 24 / 660 |
Irrep combinations (i,j,k,l) with indices: pos(A1g) ≤ i ≤ j ≤ k ≤ l ≤ pos(E2u) |
..8. |
A1gA2gB1uB2u. | ..16. |
A1gB2gE1gE2g. | ..8. |
A1gB2gA2uB1u. | ..24. |
A1gB2gE1uE2u. | ..6. |
A1gE1gA2uE1u. | ..8. |
A1gE1gB1uE2u. | ..8. |
A1gE1gB2uE2u. | ..12. |
A1gE1gE1uE2u. | ..16. |
A1gE2gA2uE2u. | ..48. |
A1gE2gB1uE1u. |
..48. |
A1gE2gB2uE1u. | ..8. |
A2gB2gE1gE2g. | ..4. |
A2gB2gA2uB2u. | ..12. |
A2gB2gE1uE2u. | ..3. |
A2gE1gA2uE1u. | ..4. |
A2gE1gB1uE2u. | ..4. |
A2gE1gB2uE2u. | ..6. |
A2gE1gE1uE2u. | ..8. |
A2gE2gA2uE2u. | ..24. |
A2gE2gB1uE1u. |
..24. |
A2gE2gB2uE1u. | ..4. |
B2gE1gA2uE2u. | ..12. |
B2gE1gB1uE1u. | ..12. |
B2gE1gB2uE1u. | ..24. |
B2gE2gA2uE1u. | ..32. |
B2gE2gB1uE2u. | ..32. |
B2gE2gB2uE2u. | ..48. |
B2gE2gE1uE2u. | ..8. |
E1gE2gA2uB1u. | ..8. |
E1gE2gA2uB2u. |
..12. |
E1gE2gA2uE1u. | ..16. |
E1gE2gB1uE2u. | ..16. |
E1gE2gB2uE2u. | ..72. |
E1gE2gE1uE2u. | ..12. |
A2uB1uE1uE2u. | ..12. |
A2uB2uE1uE2u. | | |
| |
| |
| |
Subtotal: 619 / 36 / 495 |
Total: 1.890 / 121 / 1.365 |
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